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What is Java Programming Language?

Java Programming For Absolute Beginners in Urdu. Java is a High Level Programming Language, designed by Sun-Micro System in 1991. Starting Java Name is Oak, later on renamed to Java. Java is one the Most Popular OOP Programming Language. I have Designed Java Programming For Absolute Beginners in Urdu/Hindi Language. Java एक Pure Object Oriented Programming Language है.इस Programming Language से आप Cell Phones,Mobile Phones Others Electronic Devices के लिये Software बड़ी ही आसानी से बना सकते हैं java in hindi pdf java in hindi tutorial java in hindi youtube java in hindi wikipedia java in hindi by saurabh shukla java in hindi. Java ये Computer Language का 'Sun Microsystem' इस company के अंतर्गत 'James Gosling' ने अविष्कार किया लेकिन Java Language बनाने.

Before getting started on Java programming, lets get familiarized with the language first.

Why Java was Created? A Brief History

In 1991, the team 'Green Team' led by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems created a programming language for digital consumer devices. The language was called Oak then. Why Oak? Because there was an oak tree outside Gosling's office.

The 'Green Team' demonstrated the use of the language with an interactive television. However, it was too advanced for the digital cable television at the time, and more suitable a technology that was starting to take off, the Internet.

Later, the language was renamed Green and finally renamed Java from Java coffee; hence the coffee-cup logo.

Since C/C++ was popular back then, James Gosling designed the language with C/C++ style syntax, and philosophy 'write once, run anywhere'. After years, Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation of Java in 1995. It was announced that the Netscape Navigator Internet browser would incorporate Java technology.

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In 2010, Sun Microsystems was completely acquired by Oracle Corporation along with Java.

Java Version History

1. June 1991 - Java language project was initiated
2. JDK 1.0 - January, 1996
3. JDK 1.1 - February, 1997
4. J2SE 1.2 - December, 1998
5. J2SE 1.3 - May, 2000
6. J2SE 1.4 - February, 2002
7. J2SE 5.0 - September, 2004
8. Java SE 6 - December, 2006
9. Java SE 7 - July, 2011
10. Java SE 8 (latest version) - March 18, 2014
11. Java SE 9 - July, 2017 (announced release date)

Features of Java Programming Language

1. Java is platform independent
   Java was built with the philosophy of 'write once, run anywhere' (WORA). The Java code (pure Java code and libraries) you write on one platform (operating system) will run on other platforms with no modification.
   To run Java, an abstract machine called Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is used. The JVM executes the Java bytecode. Then, the CPU executes the JVM. Since all JVMs works exactly the same, the same code works on other operating systems as well, making Java platform-independent.
2. An object-oriented Language
   There are different styles of programming. Object-oriented approach is one of the popular programming styles. In object-oriented programming, a complex problem is divided into smaller sets by creating objects. This makes your code reusable, has design benefits, and makes code easier to maintain.
   Many programming languages including Java, Python, and C++ has object-oriented features. If you are serious about programming, you should definitely learn object-oriented style of programming.
3. Java is fast
   The earlier versions of Java were criticized for being slow. However, things are completely different now. The new JVMs are significantly faster. And, the CPU that executes JVM are also getting more and more powerful.
   Now, Java is one of the fastest programming languages. Well optimized Java code is nearly as fast as lower level languages like C/C++, and much faster than Python, PHP etc.
4. Java is secure
   The Java platform provides various features for security of Java applications. Some of the high-level features that Java handles are:
   - provides secure platform for developing and running applications
   - automatic memory management, reduces memory corruption and vulnerabilities
   - provides secure communication by protecting the integrity and privacy of data transmitted
5. Large Standard Library
   One of the reasons why Java is widely used is because of the availability of huge standard library. The Java environment has hundreds of classes and methods under different packages to help software developers like us. For example,
   java.lang - for advanced features of strings, arrays etc.
   java.util - for data structures, regular expressions, date and time functions etc.
   java.io - for file i/o, exception handling etc.

Applications of Java

Java technology is everywhere, powering 3 billion devices worldwide. It's more than likely that you have used Java one way or the other. Here are some of the applications of Java.

1. Android apps - Java programming language using Android SDK (Software Development Kit) is usually used for developing Android apps.
2. Web apps - Java is used to create Web applications through Servlets, Struts or JSPs. Some of the popular web applications written in Java are: Google.com, Facebook.com, eBay.com, LinkedIn.com etc.
   It's important to note that, these sites may not be entirely written in Java, and may use other programming languages along with Java.
3. Software Development - Softwares like Eclipse, OpenOffice, Vuze, MATLAB etc use Java.
4. Big Data Processing - You can use popular software framework like Hadoop (which itself is written in Java) to process Big Data. To use Hadoop, you need to understand Java programming.
5. Trading System - You can build trading applications having low latency using the Oracle Extreme Java Trading Platform.
6. Embedded Devices - While C/C++ programming languages are still popular choices for working with embedded systems, Oracle's Java Embedded technologies provide platform and runtime for billions of embedded devices like: televisions, SIM card, Blu-ray Disc players etc.

Besides these applications, Java is also used for game development, scientific applications (like natural language processing), and many others.

There are many free Java eBooks, but most are outdated or not accurate. Here’s the best 5 free Java eBooks in my collection, they are well-known, complete, updated and detailed coverage of using Java programming language. Best for Java beginners and might also good reference for experienced programmers.

P.S The order is based on my personal priority.

1. The Java Language Specification, Third Edition

Download : http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/
Author : James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, Gilad Bracha
Description : Written by the inventors of the Java Language Specification. This book provides complete and detailed coverage of the Java programming language.

2. Thinking in Java, 3rd Edition

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Download : http://www.mindviewinc.com/Books/downloads.html
Author : Bruce Eckel
Description : Great and recommended Java book, chapters and tutorials are posted, public review, correction.

3. The Java Tutorial 4th Edition

Download : http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/
Author : Sharon Zakhour, Scott Hommel, Jacob Royal, Isaac Rabinovitch, Tom Risser, Mark Hoeber
Description : Accurate and up-to-date Java tutorials, and you can download the entire Java tutorials in bundle.

4. Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages, Second Edition

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Download : http://pdf.coreservlets.com/
Author : Marty Hall and Larry Brown
Description : Complete and detailed coverage of using Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP).

5. Introduction to Programming Using Java, Sixth Edition

Download : http://math.hws.edu/javanotes/
Author : David J. Eck
Description : Good book for beginning programmers, and might also be useful for experienced programmers.

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